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西安進(jìn)口不銹鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題

日期:2024-07-11 18:35
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摘要:<p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">西安</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">進(jìn)口不銹鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題</span> </span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的不銹鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國產(chǎn)兩種,國產(chǎn)材料,由于使用的是歐洲(</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ISO</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">)體系,用成分表示,比較直觀(guān),不容易發(fā)生問(wèn)題,現在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不銹鋼的一些需要注意的問(wèn)題: </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">1<span style="font-family:宋體;">、材料標準 </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">現在,我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的進(jìn)口不銹鋼標準有美國</span>ASME<span style="font-family:宋體;">標準的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標準的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以及日本</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標準的</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">;經(jīng)常使用的牌號為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">316L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等。下面以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來(lái)說(shuō)明它們的表示方法:</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標準中材料,表示比較簡(jiǎn)單,就是</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SUS304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">這樣表示;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASME</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">及</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的表示有幾種:</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">SA240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">A240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,實(shí)際上,中間加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">-</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與加</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">TP</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的意思是一樣的。我們提到前面有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的材料,其中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為后綴,表示含碳量較低;經(jīng)常可以看到的還有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,表示含碳量較高,主要使用在溫度較高的場(chǎng)合;另外常見(jiàn)的還有</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,表示加元素</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,提高強度。有時(shí)候,我們還可以在后面見(jiàn)到:</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等后綴,這些后綴表示的是材料的表面狀態(tài);</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋后,表面較好,達到鏡面要求的</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼板</span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">;</span>2D<span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋后,表面一般的鋼板;</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋表面。 </span></span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;">2<span style="font-family:宋體;">、關(guān)于材料的代用 </span></span> </p> <p style="margin:0pt;"> <span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">在許多人心目中,材料</span>“<span style="font-family:宋體;">以高代低、以厚代薄</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是天經(jīng)地義的事情,不需要多管,實(shí)際上這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯誤的,下面我們以</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明:一般來(lái)看,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有更低的含碳量,更好的耐腐蝕性,因此可以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料使用。確實(shí)</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">滿(mǎn)足</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的要求,而且比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">更好,好像可以自動(dòng)替代</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,但從力學(xué)性能看,</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的強度比</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">高,當按</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">設計時(shí),用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">替代,就會(huì )造成強度不夠;另外,在我國壓力容器標準</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">GB150-1998</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">中</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">4.1.6</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">條規定:奧氏體不銹鋼的使用溫度高于</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">525</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;">℃</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-size:10.5pt;mso-spacerun:&quot;yes&quot;;mso-font-kerning:1.0000pt;mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;"><span style="font-family:宋體;">時(shí),鋼中含碳量應不小于</span>0.04%<span style="font-family:宋體;">。因此,認為</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">可以代替</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯誤的,能不能使用與使用場(chǎng)合有關(guān),而且按照容規規定,我們都沒(méi)有權進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">,只有原設計部門(mén)才可以有權進(jìn)行</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的工作。</span></span> </p>

西安進(jìn)口不銹鋼需要注意的問(wèn)題

西安使用的不銹鋼材料分進(jìn)口與國產(chǎn)兩種,國產(chǎn)材料,由于使用的是歐洲(ISO)體系,用成分表示,比較直觀(guān),不容易發(fā)生問(wèn)題,現在我們重點(diǎn)談?wù)勥M(jìn)口不銹鋼的一些需要注意的問(wèn)題:
1、材料標準
現在,我們經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到的進(jìn)口不銹鋼標準有美國ASME標準的SA240ASTM標準的A240以及日本JIS標準的SUS;經(jīng)常使用的牌號為304304L316L等。下面以304為例來(lái)說(shuō)明它們的表示方法:JIS標準中材料,表示比較簡(jiǎn)單,就是SUS304這樣表示;ASMEASTM的表示有幾種:SA240-304SA240TP304A240-304A240TP304,實(shí)際上,中間加-與加TP的意思是一樣的。我們提到前面有304L的材料,其中L為后綴,表示含碳量較低;經(jīng)常可以看到的還有H,表示含碳量較高,主要使用在溫度較高的場(chǎng)合;另外常見(jiàn)的還有N,表示加元素N,提高強度。有時(shí)候,我們還可以在后面見(jiàn)到:2BNo.1等后綴,這些后綴表示的是材料的表面狀態(tài);2B表示熱軋加冷軋后,表面較好,達到鏡面要求的鋼板2D表示熱軋加冷軋后,表面一般的鋼板;No.1表示熱軋表面。
2、關(guān)于材料的代用

在許多人心目中,材料以高代低、以厚代薄是天經(jīng)地義的事情,不需要多管,實(shí)際上這種觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯誤的,下面我們以304304L304H為例來(lái)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明:一般來(lái)看,304L304有更低的含碳量,更好的耐腐蝕性,因此可以代替304材料使用。確實(shí)304L滿(mǎn)足304的要求,而且比304更好,好像可以自動(dòng)替代304,但從力學(xué)性能看,304的強度比304L高,當按304設計時(shí),用304L替代,就會(huì )造成強度不夠;另外,在我國壓力容器標準GB150-19984.1.6條規定:奧氏體不銹鋼的使用溫度高于525時(shí),鋼中含碳量應不小于0.04%。因此,認為304L可以代替304使用的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯誤的,能不能使用與使用場(chǎng)合有關(guān),而且按照容規規定,我們都沒(méi)有權進(jìn)行材料代用,只有原設計部門(mén)才可以有權進(jìn)行"材料代用"的工作。

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